If you are looking for the best bass car speakers for your car audio system, you’re in the right place.
In this review, we feature the best bass car speakers that deliver the deepest and tightest bass performance for car audio. These speakers integrate into existing car stereo systems and provide crystal clear sound with deep bass – they are equipped with specialized woofers that can deliver tight and punchy low-frequency response. Furthermore, these car speakers can deliver high wattage output and volume, making them ideal for blasting rock, EDM and hip-hop genres with crystal clarity. If you are looking for the best bass car speakers that can produce incredibly deep and powerful bass, be sure to check out our top picks below!
Not sure what to choose? Our editors highly recommend the JBL GTO939 car speakers for their deep bass and consistent crystal clear sound performance.
Best Bass Car Speakers – Our top 3 picks
| Top 3 Best Bass Car Speakers | ||
| JBL GTO939 | BOSS Audio NX694 | Kicker CSC65 |
 |  |  |
| ✔️300 watts RMS ✔️2 ohms impedance ✔️Crossover network
| ✔️400 watts RMS ✔️4 ohms impedance ✔️6 x 9 inch
| ✔️300 watts RMS ✔️EVC woofer ✔️0.5 inch tweeters
|
Compare the Best Bass Car Speakers
| Picture | Speaker | Power Output | Impedance | Size |
| JBL GTO939 | 300 watts | 2Ω | 6 x 9″ |
| BOSS Audio NX694 | 400 watts | 4Ω | 6 x 9 “ |
| Kicker CSC65 | 300 watts | 4Ω | 6.5″ |
 | New American Bass XFL1022 | 1000 watts | 2Ω | 10″ |
 | JVC CS-J620 | 30 watts | 4Ω | 6.5″ |
 | Pioneer 6 inch Coaxial | 120 watts | 4Ω | 6″ |
 | Pioneer TS-A1680F | 80 watts | 4Ω | 6.5″ |
 | JBL Stadium GTO620 | 75 watts | 3Ω | 6.5″ |
 | JBL GX602 | 120 watts | 2.3Ω | 6.5″ |
 | Pioneer TS-F1634R | 200 watts | 4Ω | 6.5″ |
 | JBL Club6520 | 300 watts | 3Ω | 6.5″ |
 | Skar Audio DDX-10 D4 | 1000 watts | 4Ω | 10″ |
 | JBL Stage 9603 | 140 watts | 4Ω | 6 x 4″ |
 | Rockville W10K9D2 | 1600 watts | 2Ω | 10″ |
 | Pyle 5” Woofer Driver | 100 watts | 8Ω | 5″ |
View the Best Bass Car Speakers below
#1 Best Car Speakers for Bass and Sound Quality: JBL GTO939 6 x 9″ Speaker
Power output: 300 watts peak power handling
Key specs: Low impedance (2 ohms), dual-level tweeters
What we liked: Really powerful bass response, crossover network
What we don’t: Somewhat lacking in midranges
The JBL GTO939 6 x 9″ speaker is one of the best bass car speakers that can produce really deep bass with rich and clear sound performance. These car speakers come with carbon-injected plus one cones which are larger than other car speaker sizes, allowing them to move more air and deliver deeper bass performance. They also have a three-inch mounting depth and adjustable mylar-titanium tweeters with level control.
Apart from their heavy bass performance, the JBL GO939 has UniPivot tweeters that allow you to aim the sound at your ears, even when the speakers are mounted at a low position in your car. This allows you experience a more lifelike sound performance with cleaner soundstage and stereo separation.
These car speakers come with built-in crossover network with high and low pass filters, which creates a smooth transition between the woofer and tweeter for better bass performance. The JBL GTO938 also uses a 6 x 9 woofer with Plus One cone technology for much deeper bass performance.
We like the fact that these car speakers are essentially low-impedance speakers. They are three-ohm speakers that can compensate for undersized wires in your car, and deliver loud sound performance when hooked up to your car’s stereo system.
These are overall some of the best bass car speakers with a dedicated 12dB/octave and high-quality crossover components which direct the highs and lows to the appropriate speakers for the best possible sound experience. We found that these speakers provide excellent sound range and clarity, and you can push them to max volume without any distortion.
#2 Best 6×9 Speakers for Bass: BOSS Audio NX694 Car Speakers
Power output: 400 watts RMS, 800 watts peak
Key specs: 6 x 9 inch car speakers, durable voice coils
What we liked: Easy to mount, low 4 ohms impedance
What we don’t: Speakers need to be angled for better sound projection
The BOSS Audio NX694 are some of the best bass car speakers that are designed to produce a lot of bass and crystal clear sound. These speakers have custom designed poly injected cones for accurate sound reproduction and better soundstage. The cone woofers are made from polyurethane which provides a resilient and durable construction for longer speaker lifespan.
The NX694 car speakers are designed for 800 watts of full-range sound performance. They have a relatively low impedance of 4 ohms and a wide frequency range of 45 Hz to 20 kHz. It also has a 1.5” aluminium voice coil and 1” mylar dome tweeter for crystal clear sound reproduction. The voice coils on these speakers are built to withstand high temperatures and maintain its strength. They also come with rubber surrounds which improves overall durability.
The tweeters in this speaker radiator sound with a wide dispersion to project the sound to a single sweet spot in your car. This can be useful if you intend to install these speakers at a lower position in your car to project directional sound outwards. The speaker is also constructed from a die-cast basket frame which can absorb and transfer much of the energy produced by the speaker for lesser distortion.
We really liked the sound quality of the BOSS Audio NX694 speakers. They have a tonne of volume and crystal clear sound, with really powerful bass performance. This is despite the fact that there is no dedicated subwoofer to go with these speakers. You can also push the volume up on these car speakers and they can produce a massive 800 watts peak power for car audio.
#3 Best 6.5 Speakers for Bass: Kicker CSC65 6.5” Car Speakers
Power output: 300W
Key specs: EVC technology for improved woofer performance
What we liked: 6.5” coaxial speakers with 0.5 inch tweeters
What we don’t: Requires at least 100W channel to power them
The Kicker CSC65 are some of the best bass car speakers you can find for a 6.5 inch speaker. These speakers feature EVC technology for improved woofer performance and can produce deeper bass notes for music genres such as EDM and rock. They have a coaxial speaker design with 0.5” tweeters for rich sound detail and extra fluid performance.
These car speakers feature neodymium tweeter magnets that allow you to push the volume to maximum without hearing any distortion at high volumes and frequency levels. It also comes with a UV-treated polyester woofer surround which resists heat and sunlight for longer durability. These 6.5” coaxial car speakers are designed to fit inside most cars without any issues.
We really enjoyed the sound performance from the Kicker CSC65 6.5” car speakers. The sound quality is extremely crisp and clear, and you can hear all the details in the music at any volume level. These speakers also have good bass output, and add a layer of kick to EDM and rock music performances. The sound quality that you get from these Kicker CSC65 car speakers is top-notch.
For the best sound experience, we would recommend pairing the Kicker CSC65 car speakers with a dedicated subwoofer for extra bass performance to cover the entire frequency spectrum including the mid-bass notes. Overall, these are some of the best bass car speakers you can find and we highly recommend them.
#4 Best Car Subwoofer for Deep Bass: New American Bass XFL1022
Power output: 1000W (RMS), 2000W (Peak)
Key specs: Heavy duty subwoofer, dual 2 ohm voice coil
What we liked: Extremely deep bass; 31.6 Hz to 300 Hz
What we don’t: Requires dedicated amplification
If you are looking for the best car subwoofer for deep bass, go for the New American Bass XFL1022 car speaker. This is essentially a 10” car subwoofer with an incredible output power of 2000W peak power, and will flood your car with the deepest bass you’ll hear from a set of car speakers. It is essentially a heavy duty car subwoofer designed to pair with your existing car speaker setup, and is suitable high-performance use.
The New American Bass XFL1022 speaker comes with a heavy duty high-excursion design bracket and strong carbon-Kevlar paper cone, with an NT multi-layer high-density foam surround for improved durability. You can practically install this car speaker and leave it for years without any degradation in sound performance.
The XFL1022 subwoofer speaker is equipped with dual 2 ohm voice coils with 4 ohms impedance. This means that it can work with most car stereo systems with a low impedance rating. It also has a high-temperature 3 inch voice coil with long windings. Within the speaker is a triple-stacked 220 ounce magnet with a cooling pump motor design, uni-rubber gasket and rubber magnet boot for durability and high-quality construction.
This car speaker can pump out a massive 1000W RMS and 2000W (peak) power, with a bass frequency range from 31.6 Hz to 300 Hz. It also has a mounting depth of 7.31 inches.
Overall, the New American Bass XFL1022 is one of the best bass car speakers that can really produce hard-hitting bass performance. They deliver very deep sound performance and can pair well with any stereo car speakers. The bass is one of the deepest and most powerful we’ve ever heard, and can literally cut through the deepest notes in car audio music.
#5 Best Car Door Speakers for Bass: JVC CS-J620 Coaxial Car Speakers
Power output: 30 watts (RMS), 300 watts (peak)
Key specs: Mica-cone with ferrite magnet woofers
What we liked: Punchy bass with crisp sound performance
What we don’t: Wiring instruction manual is not clear
The JVC CS-J620 is one of the best bass car speakers with a 2-way car speaker design. These speakers have a peak power handling of 300 watts with 30W RMS output, and deliver deep and punchy bass response. The car speakers come with a 1” poly-ether imide balanced dome tweeter with hybrid surrounds for improved durability and louder sound performance. It also features a shallow mount design and a shallow tweeter design for easy installation.
The JVC CS-J620s are designed as an upgrade from traditional OEM 6.5” speakers. They are built onto a steel stamped frame and feature 30 watts RMS power handling which allows users to add an amplifier to bring out the sound and volume from the car audio system. These car speakers also have a wide frequency range of 35 Hz to 22 kHz and feature black ABS composite grills. We also liked the fact that the manufacturer included mounting screws and tabs for easy installation.
We really liked the sound performance of the JVC CS-J620 coaxial car speakers. They deliver crystal clear highs, nice midranges and good surround sound dispersion. You can blast music through your car audio system with these speakers without hearing any single hint of distortion. The bass response on these speakers also feels tight and punchy, adding flare to music genres such as EDM, rock and hip-hop.
#6 6×9 Speakers with Deep Bass: Pioneer 6 inch Coaxial Car Speakers
Power output: 120 watts (nominal), 700 watts peak
Key specs: 5-way series coaxial car speakers
What we liked: Rich and clear sound with good bass
What we don’t: Bracket holder can feel rather flimsy
The Pioneer 6” Coaxial car speakers are some of the best bass car speakers that deliver loud volume output and punchy bass response. These car speakers have 700 watts max power (120 watts nominal) and can really fill up your car with rich and vibrant sound performance. They also feature triple polyethylene terephthalate hard dome tweeters that deliver rich highs and smooth sound performance. The speakers also come with a gravity mobile bracket holder for easy installation.
These Pioneer car speakers are equipped with a 2-1/4” polyetherimide film cone midrange and 6 x 9” carbon and mica reinforced injection molded polypropylene cone construction for better durability. There’s also a magnet holder which keeps the protective casing in place.
We really liked the sound performance of the Pioneer 6” coaxial car speakers. They are designed to produce crystal clear highs, detailed midranges and good mid-bass performance. The bass from these speakers is surprisingly deep and clear, and we really enjoyed blasting music out from these car speakers at maximum volume.
Furthermore, the Pioneer 6 inch coaxial car speakers deliver impressive surround sound performance. They do sound like you are listening to a home theater system and can reproduce details and notes with 3D surround sound effects. If you enjoy blasting loud sound and good bass response, we’d recommend going for the Pioneer 6” speakers for your car audio installation.
#7 High Bass Car Speakers: Pioneer TS-A1680F Coaxial Car Speakers
Power output: 80 watts (RMS), 350 watts (peak)
Key specs: Crystal clear sound, 4-way car speakers
What we liked: 1mm PET dome tweeters, IMPP woofer cone
What we don’t: Tweeter position is not adjustable
The Pioneer TS-A1680FS are some of the best bass car speakers we have tested that really delivers deep and punchy sound performance. These are essentially 6.5” A-series 4-way car speakers with a power rating of 80 watts RMS and a peak power handling of 350 watts per pair. The car speakers are equipped with carbon and mica reinforced IMPP woofer cones for deeper bass response, and come with 1mm PET dome tweeters for crisp highs and vocals.
The Pioneer TS-A1680F car speakers provide dynamic sound performance with high-impact bass, making them great for listening to EDM, rock and hip-hop music genres. The tweeter drivers deliver crisp highs and smooth transitions to midrange frequencies without any distortion. The bass and treble ranges are well balanced, and the bass feels deep with adequate punch. If you are looking for a set of best bass car speakers, we’d recommend the Pioneer TS-A1680F speakers.
Finally, the Pioneer TS-A1680F speakers are made from elastic polymer surround material with durable construction. They can be installed quickly and integrates nicely into existing car stereo systems – the speakers have relatively low impedance and can be powered by OEM car audio systems without the need for a dedicated amplifier.
#8 Best 6.5 Component Speakers for Bass: JBL Stadium GTO620
Power output: 75 watt (RMS), 225 watts peak
Key specs: Low-impedance, three-ohm 6.5″ speakers
What we liked: Plus One glass fiber woofer cones, oversized voice coils
What we don’t: Slightly pricey car speakers
If you are looking for the best component car speakers for bass, go for the JBL Stadium GTO620 component speaker system. These are some of the best bass car speakers with carbon injected plus one cones which are larger than others in their size class, allowing them to create more bass. Furthermore, the GTO620 speakers come with soft-dome tweeters which feature oversized voice coils for smoother and crisper sound quality.
The JBL Stadium Component speaker system delivers high-definition crystal clear sound from a head-unit, with an output capacity of 225 watts of power. The low impedance rating of 3 ohms makes the GTO620 an ideal match to systems powered with a head-unit or factory-amplifier power levels. These speakers are also designed to match any GTO Series amplifier combinations for pairing with subwoofers.
We like that these JBL speakers come with an i-mount system which allows flexible installation for flush or surface mounting options. Furthermore, it also comes with a dual-level tweeter volume adjustment for low-level installations in your car door.
The GTO 620 Plus One carbon-injected cones also provide more overall speaker-cone area than other cones in its class, delivering detailed and punchy low-frequency response. We were very impressed by the sound quality of this component set – they deliver better sound with balanced mids and highs, and can produce crystal clear soundstage with good stereo separation.
For better sound performance, we would also recommend pairing the JBL Stadium GTO620 car speakers with an amplifier (for example, the JBL GX-A602 2 Channel amp) for much more power output. This would increase the overall volume output and bass performance on this component speaker system.
#9 Best Bass Car Loudspeakers: JBL GX602 6.5” Coaxial Car Speakers
Power output: 120 watts (RMS), 180W (peak)
Key specs: Balanced dome tweeter with polypropylene cone
What we liked: Durable and well-balanced speaker
What we don’t: These speakers are not as loud as expected
The JBL GX602 is one of the best bass car speakers that delivers loud and formidable bass performance. It has an RMS output power of 120 watts and a peak power of 180 watts, which is more than enough to fill up your car with rich and dynamic sound performance. This car speaker comes with a plus one polypropylene cone and has a mounting depth of approximately 2” deep. These 2-way speakers also feature rubber speaker surrounds and a balanced dome tweeter.
This JBL car speaker has enough power to produce great sound quality with crisp highs, clear midranges and powerful bass response. Compared to the OEM car speakers, these car speakers sound far better with well-balanced sound. The clarity that you get from these speakers is very good, and you can hear details in the music which you might not have noticed before.
For better sound performance, we would recommend pairing the JBL GX602 car speakers with a car amplifier for better sound output and volume. You can literally push these speakers to maximum volume without hearing any distortion – they also have good bass and reproduce low-frequency ranges with smooth sound performance.
#10 Best Midbass Car Speakers: Pioneer TS-F1634R 6.5″ 2-Way Speakers
Power output: 200 watts
Key specs: 2-way car speakers, 4 ohms
What we liked: Durable pulp cone construction
What we don’t: Not for high-end car systems
The Pioneer TS-F1634R is one of the best bass car speakers designed for high-efficient mid-bass performance. These 6.5” car speakers are designed for deeper bass performance, and can deliver really good subwoofer-like sound with crisp highs and midranges. We liked the fact that the TS-M650Pro speakers have a peak power of 200 watts. They are also constructed with optimally blended pulp cone material with solid speaker surrounds for added durability. These car speakers have a wide frequency range of 31 Hz to 16 kHz.
The Pioneer TS-F1634R car speakers feature an oversized magnet motor structure for much wider sound dispersion and louder sound reproduction. These speakers sound loud and clear straight out of the box when connected to the car amplifier. They have a relatively well-balanced sound signature tending towards the brighter side; the sound feels accurate and detailed. The bass also has a level of depth and clarity that feels very satisfying to listen to.
That said, we would recommend a car amplifier to go with the Pioneer TS-F1634R car speaker with at least 100 watts per channel to drive these speakers. They can produce a tonne of low-end bass performance and are great for EDM, rock and hip-hop music genres. They are also feature hook up on your car door and are easy to mount.
#11 Best Bass Coaxial Car Speakers: JBL Club6520 6.5” Car Speakers
Power output: 300W
Key specs: 2-way coaxial car speakers
What we liked: High sensitivity and volume
What we don’t: Need to position center-hole a little right or left
The JBL Club6520 are some of the best bass car speakers that have excellent bass and overall very good sound quality. These car speakers have a high-sensitivity design and are made from quality components for improved durability. They also have a relatively low impedance of 3 ohms, so your car factory stereo system will have enough power to drive these car speakers. We really enjoyed listening to the JBL Club6520 – they have incredible treble and midrange performance with high sensitivity to get loud volume without any distortion.
We really liked the bass output from these speakers – they punch really hard and sound deep and powerful. They do require a period of around 24 hours of break in before the sound starts to smoothen out and the bass really comes out. When connected to a dedicated car amplifier, these speakers produce much deeper and powerful bass performance with good volume output. You can hear very tight mid-bass and crisp high notes which really enhances the overall car audio experience.
The JBL Club6520 car speakers are relatively easy to install. They come with instructions which show step by step how to mount these speakers into your car door. Be sure to position the center hole to a little off to the right or left for easy positioning. The sound quality that you get from these speakers is highly impressive and actually sounds much deeper than a dedicated subwoofer.
#12 Hardest Hitting 10 inch Car Subwoofer: Skar Audio DDX-10 D4
Power output: 1000 watts (RMS), 1500 watts (peak)
Key specs: 10-inch dual 4 ohm speaker
What we liked: Really powerful and deep bass
What we don’t: Requires car amplification
The Skar Audio DDX-10 D4 is one of the best bass car speakers you can find with the hardest hitting bass. It’s primarily designed as a 10” dual 4 ohm car subwoofer with a peak power of 1500 watts and RMS power of 1000 watts. This speaker comes equipped with a massive double stack magnet and high temperature 2.5” copper voice coil for deeper bass response and crisp highs and midranges. It also comes equipped with a high-grade paper cone stitched to a high roll foam surround for impressive bass response. They have a very good frequency range of 28 Hz to 300 Hz and a sensitivity of 83.6 dB.
The Skar Audio DDX-10 D4 comes with an SPL grade woofer that delivers extremely powerful and deep bass compared to other car subwoofers. The speaker is made of high-quality components for improved reliability and performance; they are rated at 1000 watts RMS for extremely loud sound output without any distortion. The car subwoofer features a massive double stack motor, 2.5” high temperature voice coil and a woofer for high-efficiency performance. The dual 4-ohm voice coil configuration allows this speaker to move more air and create more low-end sound output.
Apart from the deep bass and powerful sound performance, the build quality of the Skar Audio DDX-10 D4 car subwoofer is top-notch. It features a high roll surround, stitched surround, and heavy motor structure and basket for durability. The woofer is loud and very powerful, and we were impressed by the overall accuracy of the woofer – there is no hint of distortion with these speakers. They are also easy to install and mount in your car door, although we would recommend a dedicated car amplifier to power these speakers.
#13 Best Bass Small Car Speakers: JBL Stage 9603 Coaxial Car Speakers
Power output: 140 watts (RMS), 420 watts (peak)
Key specs: 6” x 4” 4 ohm 3-way coaxial speakers
What we liked: PEI balanced dome tweeters
What we don’t: Feels cheaply made
The JBL Stage 9603 is among the best bass car speakers that delivers really good sound performance in a small and compact design. They feature a 6” x 9” injection molded polypropylene woofer cone for deep bass reproduction, and come with PEI balanced dome tweeters for crisp highs and detailed sound reproduction. The speakers can handle up to 70 watts RMS and have a peak power of 210 watts which is pretty good for small car speakers.
Despite their small size, the JBL Stage 9603 delivers really deep and powerful bass performance. They also work well with standard OEM car audio systems and have relatively low impedance. With proper set up in the equalizer and bass control, these speakers can pump out crystal clear sound with a tonne of volume output and deep bass. They really add flare to car audio performance and sound great for EDM, rock and hip-hop music genres.
The JBL Stage 9603 Coaxial car speakers are relatively easy to mount and install. They can fit in easily into your car front and rear doors. These are some of the best 3-way coaxial speakers that come with a low impedance of 4 ohms and are compatible with most car audio systems. Overall, they deliver good sound and power handling with accurate sound quality and we highly recommend them.
#14 Most Powerful Subwoofer for Car: Rockville W10K9D2
Power output: 1600 watts (RMS), 3200 watts (peak)
Key specs: 3” 4-layer black aluminium voice coils, stiff cones
What we liked: Durable and thicker cones for bass
What we don’t: Requires dedicated car amplifier
The Rockville W10K9D2 is one of the best bass car speakers you can find and is undoubtedly the most powerful car subwoofer that we have tested. This is essentially a 10” dual 2-ohm car subwoofer with a power handling of 1600 watts and peak power of 3200 watts. This speaker comes with a 3” 4-layer black aluminium voice coil with OFC wires. The CCAW wire is designed to make the subwoofer sound better and last longer. Furthermore, this car subwoofer uses a double stacked 164 Oz high-quality magnet and features a cast aluminium bracket with black sanded finish which makes it efficient and lighter.
We were really impressed by the level of bass output and frequency range of the Rockville W10K9D2 subwoofer. It has a wide frequency range of 37.8 Hz to 1.5 kHz and delivers pretty deep bass with a 85 dB sensitivity. The woofer cones used in this subwoofer is ultra-stiff, and are thicker and stronger than other subwoofers – they are capable of handling more power. They also come with thick foam surrounds which improves durability and minimizes the level of distortion.
There is also a specialized custom rubber boot magnet which protects the woofer through long usage. There is also a high BL magnetic motor gap which allows the subwoofer to deliver more power. The basket looks really sleek and modern and is easy to mount into car doors.
If you are looking for the best bass car speakers, the Rockville W10K9D2 is definitely a great choice. These subwoofers hit extremely hard when powered through a dedicated car amplifier and work great. We were very impressed by how big the magnets on these speakers were and the amount of air that they can move. They complement existing car audio systems really well and add incredible bass performance with depth and punch.
#15 Best Mids and Highs Car Speakers: Pyle 5” Woofer Driver
Power output: 100W (RMS), 200W (peak)
Key specs: 92dB sensitivity, 450 Hz to 7 kHz range
What we liked: Loud and clear sound, good mid-bass
What we don’t: Large cut-out diameter of 110mm
The Pyle 5” woofer driver speaker is one of the best bass car speakers with a 200 watt peak power with mid-bass and mid-range sound performance. It’s primarily designed to add bass output to your car audio system and delivers really tight and low-end sound performance. These speakers have a 450 Hz to 7 kHz frequency response, and feature a 15 oz magnet structure for louder sound performance. This particular car speaker has an incredible 92 dB sensitivity for extra sound performance.
The Pyle 5” car speaker has a 100W RMS and 200W peak power rating. It features an upgraded 5 inch mid-range woofer driver that provides up to 100 watts RMS with a 15 oz magnet structure for greater durability. This mid-bass car speaker has an 8-ohm impedance rating and also includes a custom molded grill and hardware for easy installation. This Pyle speaker has a mounting depth of 2” and a minimum cutout diameter of 110mm.
Furthermore, we liked the fact that the Pyle 5” speaker features a 1” aluminium voice coil which increases performance and efficiency through lower weight and higher operating temperatures. The Pyle mid-bass speaker is designed to reproduce sound clearly with good sound response; it also features a high-quality paper coating cone with a sealed back surround that provides deeper bass output.
We thoroughly enjoyed listening to the Pyle 5” car speaker. They produce very nice bass and low-end notes that can really rattle the window screens of your car. It feels like you are listening to surround sound speakers with deep and well-balanced sound. The bass depth is very good and you can feel the mid-bass on this speaker for EDM and rock music genres.
For the best sound performance, we would recommend pairing the Pyle 5” woofer driver car speaker with a dedicated car amplifier for much louder and clearer sound performance.